Democratization of Uruguay

Giancarlo Orichio Dr. A. Arraras CPO 3055 20 November 2008 Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Uruguay An investigation of democratization presumes that the significance of democratization is plainly obvious: characterized just as a progress of a political framework from non-vote based system towards responsible and agent government rehearses. (Grugel 3) An idea that is substantial in Uruguayan governmental issues in any case, has a component of potential hazard that will be the subject of further investigation. Evaluation of the last will empower us to decide why Uruguay is the just one of the four previous â€Å"bureaucratic-authoritarian† systems in South America that incorporates Chile, Brazil, and Argentina to achieve this questionably political the norm. Guillermo O’Donnell portrayed this kind of system as a foundation that utilizes coercive measures to react to what they see as dangers to private enterprise, though, the main methods for contradicting this severe government is by a â€Å"unconditional pledge to vote based system. (O’Donnell xiii) The progressively lead bureaucratic-dictator system as a political entertainer represents a potential bit of leeway to democratization insofar that the military-as-establishment may consider that their advantages are best served by removal from the military-as-government. Be that as it may, holding onto capacity to another administering body without forcing solid requirements is impossible and has happened typically in Ur uguayan popularity based progress. Understanding the obstruction looked by the recently delicate majority rule government in dealing with the military and disposing of its held areas carries us to the job needing to be done. To begin with, I will break down the political history in Uruguay that lead up to the no uncertainty dubious contention that it has accomplished law based solidification. Furthermore, I will dissect the elements that either contributed or upset its excursion to delegate majority rules system; eventually, showing up to the end that Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan depict as a â€Å"risk-prone† merged popular government. On 25 August 1825, Juan Antonio Lavalleja, at the leader of a gathering of loyalists called the â€Å"treinta y tres orientales,† gave a statement of freedom. Following a three-year battle, a harmony bargain marked on 28 August 1828 ensured Uruguay's autonomy. During this time of political disturbance and common war, the two ideological groups around which Uruguayan history has customarily spun, the Colorados and the Blancos, were established. â€Å"Even by West Europen guidelines, [Uruguay] hosted a custom of high get-together distinguishing proof and an away from of a left-right list. † (Linz 152) Uruguay's first president, Gen. Jose Fructuoso Rivera, a partner of Artigas, established the Colorados. The subsequent president, Brig. Gen. Manuel Oribe, a companion of Lavalleja, established the Blancos. The nineteenth century was to a great extent a battle between the two groups. In any case, it was not until the appointment of Jose Batlle y Ordonez as president in 1903 that Uruguay developed as a country. The Batlle organizations (1903â€7, 1911â€15) denoted the time of most noteworthy financial execution. A recognized legislator, Batlle started the social government assistance framework classified in the Uruguayan constitution. From that point on, Uruguay's social projects, subsidized essentially by profit of meat and fleece in outside business sectors, gave Uruguay the worshipped soubriquet â€Å"Switzerland of South America. † After World War II, the Colorados governed, with the exception of an eight-year time span from 1958â€66. It was during the organization of President Jorge Pacheco Areco (1967â€72) that Uruguay entered a political and social emergency. As fleece declined in world markets, send out profit not, at this point stayed up with the requirement for more noteworthy social consumptions. Political unsteadiness came about, most significantly in the rise of Uruguay's National Liberation Movement, famously known as the Tupamaros. This efficient urban guerrilla development embraced Marxist and patriot standards while then again, most broadly significant on-screen characters were unfaithful or, best case scenario semi-faithful to the effectively settled vote based system. Their progressive exercises, combined with the declining financial circumstance, exacerbated Uruguay's political vulnerability. Bit by bit, the military-as organization expected a more noteworthy job in government and by 1973 was in finished control of the political framework. Before the finish of 1973, the Tupamaros had been effectively controlled and smothered by the military-as-organization. As far as orderly restraint, as Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan expressed, â€Å"Uruguay was the most profoundly harsh of the four South American bureaucratic-tyrant systems. (Linz 152) Amnesty worldwide reviled Uruguay for human rights infringement; in 1979, they assessed the quantity of political detainees imprisoned at a proportion of 1 for each 600, Chile and Argentina were individually 1 out of 2,000 and 1 of every 1,200. (Linz 152) By 1977 the military declared that they would devise another constitution with the goals to â€Å"strengthen popular government. † The new constitution would be submitted to a plebiscite in 1980, and whenever endorsed races with a solitary presidential up-and-comer designated by both the Colorados and the Blancos and affirmed by the military would be held the next year. The post-tyrant progress to majority rule government started in Uruguay when the popularity based restriction won the plebiscite. By the 1980’s the military didn't have a hostile intend to lift Uruguay from its continuous awful financial execution, the Tupamaros had in actuality been vanquished by 1973, so a safeguard venture against urban guerrilla was pointless. The military had no thoughtful or political help, and with there misfortune in the plebiscite, whose outcomes they said they would regard, discolored the military’s political influence altogether. Along these lines, the popularity based restriction as the two significant catch every single ideological group that have administered by law since the 19 century introduced a non compromising option regardless of their traitorous conduct before the tyrant overthrow d’etat . As recently addressed, the open doors introduced by a progressive military preferring law based change is the likelihood that the main officials of the military-as-foundation will arrive at the resolution that the expense of non law based standard is more prominent than the expense of removal. With the fundamental enthusiasm resting in a steady express that will thus permit the military to turn into a working part of the state mechanical assembly. Nonetheless, this doesn't block the chance of non vote based privileges in the exchange. The gathering military exchange called the Naval Club Pact precluded Wilson Ferreira of the Blanco gathering to be assigned as president, pushed for ensures concerning their own self-sufficiency, and the most harming to vote based system was the diminishing of human right path for military authorities. Decisions were held in 1985 were Julio Maria Sanguinetti from the Colorado party turned into the primary equitably chose competitor in the 1977 constitution. As a result of solid open discontent with Military Amnesty allowed during the progress, the abbreviation was sent to a choice in 1989, were it endorsed the absolution and increased law based authenticity by 57%. It must be expressed that most of Uruguayan contradicted the reprieve, anyway the delicate majority rule government defied an alarming choice. They could have penetrated the Naval Club Pact and attempted military official for beneficiary human right offenses and gambled military refusal and along these lines an emergency in their own position. Or on the other hand they could have hurriedly conceded them acquittal at the expense of brought down esteem in the new majority rules system. It is sheltered to accept that the electorate casted a ballot to let the acquittal law stand not on the grounds that it was simply however more so to keep away from an emergency. By 1992 the left-wing Frente Amplio was incorporated into Uruguayan governmental issues with no other significant gathering pioneers esteeming them inadmissible showing up to the contentious contention that Uruguay turned into a solidified vote based system. Uruguay's financial improvement can be separated into two unmistakably differentiating periods. During the primary time frame, when it earned its esteemed sobriquet â€Å"Switzerland of South America,† from the late 1800s until the 1950s, Uruguay accomplished surprising development and an elevated requirement of living. Extending animals sends out; primarily meat and fleece represented its monetary turn of events. The propelled social government assistance programs, which redistributed riches from the domesticated animals segment to the remainder of the economy, increased the expectation of living for most of the populace and added to the advancement of new enterprises. At the point when send out income vacillated during the 1950s, be that as it may, the texture of Uruguay's economy had started to unwind. The nation entered a decades-extensive stretch of monetary stagnation. It was during the organization of President Jorge Pacheco Areco (1967â€72) that Uruguay entered a political and social emergency. As fleece and meat requests declined in world markets, send out profit not, at this point stayed up with the requirement for more noteworthy social uses causing terrible monetary execution that lead to the bureaucratic-tyrant take over of government. Despite the fact that the old just system couldn't lift monetary flourishing nor was the military-as-government. Awful monetary execution despite everything tormented the country all through tyrant rule. By 1980 the military had no plan in battling the awful financial execution that disclosed the deficiencies of the non majority rule system. Truth be told, financial execution has been in a decrease since 1950’s until today. In spite of the fact that the authenticity that the vote based framework gangs in Uruguay is solid, the limit, or as Stepan and Linz state, the â€Å"efficacy† of the popularity based framework in settling the stale economy is low. In this way, making Uruguay’s majority rules system hazard inclined because of an unsolved financial performa

The Tyre Industry Sector

The Tire Industry Sector Tires and cylinders, the key elastic items and fundamental enhancements to the car vehicles are of most significance to the countrys economy. The tire business area is giving direct work to more than 40,000 individuals and circuitous work to lakhs of individuals. This industry segment is presently being considered as a center industry segment. The assembling of vehicle tires as a basic subordinate for the improvement of car segment appeared in India during the 1930s when the Dunlop India Ltd., the main tire fabricating transnational organization began its activity in 1935 at Sahaganj in West Bengal. During the early period the abroad tire fabricating organizations were having significant value support in the Indian assembling organizations. After 1970s there was an adjustment in the arrangement of Government and it chose not to authorize any remote value The setting up of joint division ventures with different outside coordinated effort was viewed as practical. At present 11 huge organizations with 15 processing plants and 9 medium-scale organizations dispersed all over India are fabricating tires and cylinders for car vehicles including air tires and tires for safeguard administrations. As assessed, their complete creation during 1987 was 128 lakhs tires against the absolute introduced limit of 179.44 lakhs tires. The fascinating component of the tire business in India is that beginning from its commencement to the current day its encouraging has been affected by rehashed import of specialized coordinated efforts. There is a pressing need to develop indigenous capacities for tire innovation including the tire apparatus. inside perspective on this, it was conclusion attractive to complete the audit of close by status of this industry and to distinguish and break down the basic sources of info required for retention and up degree of imported innovation. The DSIR has present a framework National Register of Foreign Collaborations Which envision check and examination of imported innovations in the nation likewise recommend measures for proper decision, securing and usage of remote skill. The principle goals of this arrangement are Undertake budgetary, monetary and lawful examination of set of information on outside coordinated efforts. Do an innovation investigation of the imported hardware and give best in class apparatus being used in the nation and status of execution of collusion Provide the reason for National Science methodology at every possible opportunity. Over the long haul lead to unload maturing of imported innovation and in age of national quality in seriously buy just certain segments of hardware. Facilitate with branch of Industry, Commerce and Finance and so on by gave that apparatus information input. Encourage increasingly productive countrywide commitment with different associations, for example, UNCTAD, UNIDO, and ESCAP and so forth and in the worldwide switch over of data and co-activity with current creating nation the three reports has been prepared under National Register of Foreign union to survey the Tyre Industry in India. 1.6 The In-house RD units in industry are beneficially situated to ingest and get enhanced the import hardware. Gear innovation in the Indian tire industry has observer a reasonable aggregate of skill and versatility to ingest, settle in and adjust overall innovation to suit Indian conditions. This is reflecting in the quick innovation movement from cotton (support) cadaver to elite spiral tires in a separation of four decades. Globalization has lead to the worried of the economy of the considerable number of countries thus key Indian organization in the tire business are seeking after worldwide methodology to improve their intensity in worldwide markets. There segment for the most part embraces an impression of the Indian tire industry through a diagram of the Indian assessment of its extension patterns as for fabricate fares and securing of specialized ability. Development OF THE INDUSTRY Stage That is all Qualities Strategy Regime 1 1920-35 Negative local creation. Request met over the span of imports. Key organization included Dunlop, Firestone Goodyear. moderate import 2 1936-60 Home creation starts by recent exchange organizations: Dunlop, Firestone, and Goodyear with India Tire Rubber Company. Weight of traiff likewise non traiff hindrance on import. 3 1961-74 Indian organizations MRF, most significant Incheck-enter present day quarter with remote innovation; permit of reward creation limit. Guideline on limit development and repatriation of benefits of removed organizations; implementation of fare commitment on MNC; assurance from outside rivalry 4 1975 - 1991 Passage of enormous Indian business houses like Singhania Modi specialized coordinated efforts with MNCs, presentation of outspread tires, vertical combination and exponential development in tire creation trades Delicensing of creation, setting of imports under OGL with levy non-duty boundaries 5 1992 onwards Outside exchange advancement decline in exchange obligation; reemergence of MNCs additionally independently or in cooperation with Indian capital. Dynamic decrease in present obligation; changed imports Vehicles Spiral Tire Predisposition Tire Bike Engine Bike Front Engine Bike Rear Bike Front Bike Rear Truck, Busses Ranch Service Tractor Rear Tractor Front Fork Industrial Light Commercial Vehicle Spiral Tire Predisposition Tire Overwhelming business vehicles lacking open vehicle framework, particularly in the semi-urban and rustic region better accessibility of cheap purchaser money in the previous 3-4 years; Increment accessibility of eco-friendly and low-upkeep models. rising urbanization, which makes a requirement for individual transportation; change in the segment profile; atmosphere and street developments stable increment in per capita profit over the history five years; and Expanding figure of model with changed kind to fulfill different clients needs. Cost: Cost, by and large, is plausible to be the most essential determinant of interest since its as often as possible the underlying thing that individuals consider when choose the amount of a thing to purchase. The tremendous well known of merchandise and enterprises obey what financial experts call the law of interest that, every other person being equivalent, the sum requested of a thing decline when the cost increment and the other way around. (There are a few special cases to this standard, however they are rare) Pay focused on individuals: Various organizations focus on their objective client bunch as indicated by their salary gathering and in this manner the all out interest is decide as indicated by pay gathering. In tire item request got from the car items. So most appeal development in bike fragment look at another segmement. Special Scheme Various organizations give distinctive limited time plan to push-up their deals and draw in the client. If there should arise an occurrence of some uncommon plans like the 0% intrigue and down and out installment conspire. Deals of expanded by up to 70% of absolute deals. Deals design consistently There was assent at the feeling that there is a droop in June, July and August and furthermore during the second 50% of December. At the hour of celebrations, particularly Dusshera and Diwali or at the hour of the marriage season the deals are high. The explanation given for droop were In summers, individuals by and large go for summer visits and go through a great deal of cash so they defer their buys. As a result of strict reasons (Shraddh) in the period of August. Individuals dont want to buy vehicles during the stormy season. Socioeconomics: Plainly high populace of India has been one of the key explanations behind tremendous volume of car industry in India. Components that might be extending request incorporate expanding populace and an expanding extent of youthful people in the populace that will be increasingly disposed to utilize and bring vehicle back. Likewise, increment in individuals with lesser reliance on fixed just family salary structure is probably going to enhance vehicle request. Cost of Fuel Development in oil costs likewise have a contact on interest for immense vehicle in India. During time of high fuel cost as talented in 2007 and first - half of 2008, interest for tremendous vehicle decrease for littler, more eco-friendly vehicle. The change designs in client inclination for littler more fuel fit vehicle prompted the dispatch of Tata Motors Nano one of universes littlest and least expensive. NAME OF COMPANY Piece of the pie MRF Tires 22% APOLLO Tire 21.7% J K Tire 20% CEAT 13% KESORAM INDUSTRIES 6% DUNLOP 3% Bird of prey 2% TCIL 1.5% MODI RUBBER 12.4 Great YEAR 7% Staying 5 % of offer by other player. MADRAS RUBBER FACTORY Prevalently known as MRF, is a significant tire fabricating organization arranged in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and India. MRF makes a wide range of tires from auto to vehicle, bias to outspread and cylinders and transport lines. It is Indias primary tire producing organization and among the dozen significant around the world. It fares to in excess of 65 nations. MRF is the sister related of the main malayalam day by day Malayala Manorama.The maker of the MRF, Mr.K.M.Mammen Mappilai was the sibling recently Mr.K.M.Mathew, ex-boss editorial manager of Malayala Manorama. MRF become the initial Indian organization to send out tires to USA the extremely home of tire innovation. Deals crossed INR two billion. MRF tires were the primary tires chose for fitment on the Maruti Suzuki 800 Indias first little, present day vehicle. Apollo Tire Apollo Tires Ltd is the universes fifteenth greatest tire maker with yearly combine salary of Rs 121.5 billion (US$ 2.5 billion) in 2011. It was found in 1976. Its first plant was uncommonly made in Perambra, Kerala. In 2006 the company obtained Dunlop Tires International of South Africa. The organization currently has four assembling unit in India, two in South Africa, two in Zimbabwe and 1 in Netherlands. It has an arrangement of more than 4,000 vendors in India, of which more than 2,500 are select outlets. In South Africa, it has more than 900 vendors, of which 190 are Dunlop Accredited Dealers. It

Nadal, Federer, Helfant 85

Nadal, Federer, Helfant ‘85 Ive been reading many, many applications over the last month, and one thing that strikes me is that there are a lot of MIT applicants who like tennis, both playing and watching it. Thus, Id guess a lot of the blog readership will be excited to learn this fact. Adam Helfant, MIT Class of 1985, has been named the Executive Chairman President of the ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals). As an undergraduate, Helfant lived in Burton-Conner, the same dorm that currently is home to Laura, Jess, Snively, and Shannon. He majored in Materials Science and Engineering, earning his degree in just three and a half years. After MIT, he went to Harvard Law (the latest MIT Careers Office statistics have MIT graduates with an admission rate to Harvard Law 1.5 times higher than the national average). From there he went to a New York law firm, then to the NHL (professional hockey), then to Nike, where he was Vice President of Global Sports Marketing before being tapped by the ATP. Hell be on hand today as Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal once again face off for a Major title, this one being the 2009 Australian Open (live on TV at 3:30 in the morning in Boston, oy). Federer was quoted as saying some nice things about Helfant: I met him in December and he also saw Rafa (Nadal) and Novak (Djokovic) before he got appointed, to sort of get the definite okay, said Federer. Hes a smart man, smart and honest and a guy I think who will do an excellent job for the ATP. Andy Roddick also had some nice things to say: I actually was lucky enough to have dinner with him the other night. I was pretty impressed, said Roddick. He didnt come in with kind of this braggadocio attitude of what hes done, whatever. He kind of came in and he had his notepad and his pen, and he asked questions, and he wrote down notes. He didnt come in like a know-it-all. It was an impressive meeting, thats for sure, he said. After the meeting, I was glad that they had chosen him. Congratulations, Adam Helfant! So, who is going to win tonight betwen Nadal and Federer? Some other links relating to MIT and sports: MIT varsity sports MIT Center for Sports Innovation The MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, co-chaired by Houston Rockets GM Daryl Morey MBA 00 The sports ratings by statistician Jeff Sagarin 70 Protrade, the sports stock market started by former MIT Blackjack Team member Jeff Ma 94

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land †Can We Learn From the Past...

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land – Can We Learn From the Past ? And he is not likely to know what is To be done unless he lives in what is not merely the present, but the present moment of the past, unless he is conscious, not of what is dead, but what is already living. --T.S. Eliot, Tradition and the Individual Talent When read for the first time, The Waste Land appears to be a concoction of sorts, a disjointed poem. Lines are written in different languages, narrators change, and the scenes seem disconnected, except for the repeated references to the desert and death. When read over again, however, the pieces become coherent. The Waste Land is categorized as a poem, but exhibited visually, it appears to be a literary†¦show more content†¦The Waste Land is broken up into five parts, each with its own subtitle. In each of these parts, Eliot tells the stories of many different lives while also incorporating poetry lines and song lyrics from other cultures. These lines often translate into something depressing, tying into Eliots themes of death and emptiness. An example is the epigraph of this poem, taken from Virgils Aeneid, about a conversation between some boys and Sybil at Cumae. The boys ask her what she wants, and she replies, I want to die. Sybil is suspended in a jar, and Eliot uses t his image to represent the human race. The epigraph sets for the tone for the rest of the poem of hopelessness and the condition of human moral desolation. The human race is also hanging suspended in a jar, undergoing a similar fate. Yet humanity is blind to its imprisonment, reliving the same experiences, unable to leave the jar, unable to die. Eliot composed this poem, focusing on females and their passive reaction to violence, to bring the human race into full awareness of its jar-like imprisonment. These women, taken from different cultures and times, are all victims of sexual abuse. But rather than fighting and demanding justice, they ignore the abuse and accept their situation. It is easier to forget the pain than to confront it, because when facing pain, one must relive the experience that causes the pain. But to ignore pain is to deny life, for one is suppressing feeling, theShow MoreRelatedT.S. Eliot s The Fire Sermon - a Poem Analysis Focusing on the Elements of Nature5145 Words   |  21 PagesT.S. Eliot The Fire Sermon An analysis of the poem focusing on the elements of nature Joachim TRAUN 0004165 301/341 It is just a piece of rhythmical grumbling (T.S. Eliot on The Waste Land) Table of contents page 1. Introduction 4 2. T.S. Eliot- a brief biography 4 3. The fire sermon 5 3.1 Structure 6 3.2 Intertextuality 6 3.3 Interpretation 8 3.3.1 Water 8 3.3.2 City 11 3.3.3 Fusion 13 4. Conclusion 14 Bibliography 1. Introduction There are not many poemsRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 PagesA WHIMPER T.S.Eliot, The Hollow Men (95-98). The end of The Hollow Men can only be the beginning of a deep and long reflection for thoughtful readers. T.S. Eliot, who always believed that in his end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernism as a literary movement, that makes of Eliot’s poetry very typically modernist. As Ezra Pound once famously stated, Eliot trulyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagesgeneration dramatists, Harold Pinter’s fame rests on not only his popular dramas but also on his political activism which is rooted in his concern for people and their condition in realms which can be termed as social, professional or political. In fact it can be said that many of his works starting from the early comedies of menace to the later overtly political plays run parallel to his political activism in the delineation of abuse of p ower in familial, social and political sphere and its somatic

3 Star Hotel Business Plan - 4457 Words

Marketing Plan for a Three Star Hotel Kuakata 09-Aug-10 Seashore Inn (Pvt) Limited Letter of transmittal August 9th, 2010 Suntu Kumar Ghosh Course Instructor MKT-301 Sub: Submission of term paper (Marketing Plan). This is to inform you that we have completed the â€Å"Marketing Plan for a Three Star Hotel in Kuakata†. Is has been prepared for the completion of the course MKT 301. While preparing this plan, we have followed your instructions for report writing so as to present our views and understanding in the easy way. However, we will be glad to clarify any discrepancy that may arise. Thank you. Sincerely yours, ID 08304085 Name Mohammed Shahidul Islam Signature 08304071 Md. Rusafie Alam 08304093†¦show more content†¦It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. Running a hotel is more than just cleaning and booking room. 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The Da Vinci Code EPILOGUE Free Essays

Robert Langdon awoke with a start. He had been dreaming. The bathrobe beside his bed bore the monogram HOTEL RITZ PARIS. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code EPILOGUE or any similar topic only for you Order Now He saw a dim light filtering through the blinds. Is it dusk ordawn? he wondered. Langdon’s body felt warm and deeply contented. He had slept the better part of the last two days. Sitting up slowly in bed, he now realized what had awoken him†¦ the strangest thought. For day she had been trying to sort through a barrage of information, but now Langdon found himself fixed on something he’d not considered before. Could it be? He remained motionless a long moment. Getting out of bed, he walked to the marble shower. Stepping inside, he let the powerful jets message his shoulders. Still, the thought enthralled him. Impossible. Twenty minutes later, Langdon stepped out of the Hotel Ritz into Place Vendà ´me. Night was falling. The days of sleep had left him disoriented†¦ and yet his mind felt oddly lucid. He had promised himself he would stop in the hotel lobby for a cafe au lait to clear his thoughts, but instead his legs carried him directly out the front door into the gathering Paris night. Walking east on Rue des Petits Champs, Langdon felt a growing excitement. He turned south onto Rue Richelieu, where the air grew sweet with the scent of blossoming jasmine from the stately gardens of the Palais Royal. He continued south until he saw what he was looking for – the famous royal arcade – a glistening expanse of polished black marble. Moving onto it, Langdon scanned the surface beneath his feet. Within seconds, he found what he knew was there – several bronze medallions embedded in the ground in a perfectly straight line. Each disk was five inches in diameter and embossed with the letters N and S. Nord. Sud. He turned due south, letting his eye trace the extended line formed by the medallions. He began moving again, following the trail, watching the pavement as he walked. As he cut across the corner of the Comedie-Franà §aise, another bronze medallion passed beneath his feet. Yes! The streets of Paris, Langdon had learned years ago, were adorned with 135 of these bronze markers, embedded in sidewalks, courtyards, and streets, on a north-south axis across the city. He had once followed the line from Sacre-Coeur, north across the Seine, and finally to the ancient Paris Observatory. There he discovered the significance of the sacred path it traced. The earth’s original prime meridian.The first zero longitude of the world.Paris’s ancient Rose Line. Now, as Langdon hurried across Rue de Rivoli, he could feel his destination within reach. Less than a block away. The Holy Grail ‘neath ancient Roslin waits. The revelations were coming now in waves. Sauniere’s ancient spelling of Roslin†¦ the blade and chalice†¦ the tomb adorned with masters’ art. Is that why Sauniere needed to talk with me? Had I unknowingly guessed the truth? He broke into a jog, feeling the Rose Line beneath his feet, guiding him, pulling him toward his destination. As he entered the long tunnel of Passage Richelieu, the hairs on his neck began to bristle with anticipation. He knew that at the end of this tunnel stood the most mysterious of Parisian monuments – conceived and commissioned in the 1980s by the Sphinx himself, Fran;ois Mitterrand, a man rumored to move in secret circles, a man whose final legacy to Paris was a place Langdon had visited only days before. Another lifetime. With a final surge of energy, Langdon burst from the passageway into the familiar courtyard and came to a stop. Breathless, he raised his eyes, slowly, disbelieving, to the glistening structure in front of him. The Louvre Pyramid. Gleaming in the darkness. He admired it only a moment. He was more interested in what lay to his right. Turning, he felt his feet again tracing the invisible path of the ancient Rose Line, carrying him across the courtyard to the Carrousel du Louvre – the enormous circle of grass surrounded by a perimeter of neatly trimmed hedges – once the site of Paris’s primeval nature-worshipping festivals†¦ joyous rites to celebrate fertility and the Goddess. Langdon felt as if he were crossing into another world as he stepped over the bushes to the grassy area within. This hallowed ground was now marked by one of the city’s most unusual monuments. There in the center, plunging into the earth like a crystal chasm, gaped the giant inverted pyramid of glass that he had seen a few nights ago when he entered the Louvre’s subterranean entresol. La Pyramide Inversee. Tremulous, Langdon walked to the edge and peered down into the Louvre’s sprawling underground complex, aglow with amber light. His eye was trained not just on the massive inverted pyramid, but on what lay directly beneath it. There, on the floor of the chamber below, stood the tiniest of structures†¦ a structure Langdon had mentioned in his manuscript. Langdon felt himself awaken fully now to the thrill of unthinkable possibility. Raising his eyes again to the Louvre, he sensed the huge wings of the museum enveloping him†¦ hallways that burgeoned with the world’s finest art. Da Vinci†¦ Botticelli†¦ Adorned in masters’ loving art, She lies. Alive with wonder, he stared once again downward through the glass at the tiny structure below. I must go down there! Stepping out of the circle, he hurried across the courtyard back toward the towering pyramid entrance of the Louvre. The day’s last visitors were trickling out of the museum. Pushing through the revolving door, Langdon descended the curved staircase into the pyramid. He could feel the air grow cooler. When he reached the bottom, he entered the long tunnel that stretched beneath the Louvre’s courtyard, back toward La Pyramide Inversee. At the end of the tunnel, he emerged into a large chamber. Directly before him, hanging down from above, gleamed the inverted pyramid – a breathtaking V-shaped contour of glass. The Chalice. Langdon’s eyes traced its narrowing form downward to its tip, suspended only six feet above the floor. There, directly beneath it, stood the tiny structure. A miniature pyramid. Only three feet tall. The only structure in this colossal complex that had been built on a small scale. Langdon’s manuscript, while discussing the Louvre’s elaborate collection of goddess art, had made passing note of this modest pyramid. â€Å"The miniature structure itself protrudes up through the flooras though it were the tip of an iceberg – the apex, of an enormous, pyramidical vault, submerged below like a hidden chamber.† Illuminated in the soft lights of the deserted entresol, the two pyramids pointed at one another, their bodies perfectly aligned, their tips almost touching. The Chalice above. The Blade below. The blade and chalice guarding o’er Her gates. Langdon heard Marie Chauvel’s words. One day it will dawn on you. He was standing beneath the ancient Rose Line, surrounded by the work of masters. What better place for Sauniere to keep watch? Now at last, he sensed he understood the true meaning of the Grand Master’s verse. Raising his eyes to heaven, he gazed upward through the glass to a glorious, star-filled night. She rests at last beneath the starry skies. Like the murmurs of spirits in the darkness, forgotten words echoed. The quest for the Holy Grail is the quest to kneel before the bones of Mary Magdalene. A journey to pray at the feet of the outcast one. With a sudden upwelling of reverence, Robert Langdon fell to his knees. For a moment, he thought he heard a woman’s voice†¦ the wisdom of the ages†¦ whispering up from the chasms of the earth. How to cite The Da Vinci Code EPILOGUE, Essay examples

Ancient Greek Theater the Forerunner to Modern Theatre free essay sample

Unique Greek performances, which were performed hundreds of years ago, were put on to please the Greek god Dionysos. In these performances, artificial light was impossible and there were no footlights to illuminate the faces of the actors. Spectators had to have a great imagination to create a mood themselves. The actors had to loudly project their voices even more so, and they used numerous masks, to reveal different characters. Plays were done in an amphitheater, which was a circular type theater, thus, the projection was very loud, and the actors could be heard all around. In Ancient Greek Theater, it was not unusual to only have one individual acting as all characters. Even when the use of more than one actor occurred seldom were there more than two or three actors used to convey the story. Another difference is that women were not allowed to act, so all characters in the play were portrayed by men. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Greek Theater: the Forerunner to Modern Theatre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today, we are accustomed to a sharp division between the dark world of the auditorium and the over bright world of the characters. On the contrary, the Greeks were familiar with audience, chorus, and characters, all united under a dazzling sun (Webster 2). For the most part, the Greek dramatist had to rely far more on words and less on the limited technical means at his disposal. For example, in Sophocles’ Antigone (526) the chorus describes the tears running down Ismene’s face and her cheeks as ugly red with weeping. The mask worn by the actor obviously could not reveal this effect. There were three obvious limitations that the Greek â€Å"producer† had to deal with. First, lighting effects were impossible, so the play could not expose sunlight, dawn, dusk, or evening. Except if the play was shown early in the morning, or late in the evening. Secondly, changes in scenery were extremely limited. They usually had no more than four scenes, but even then it was scarce. Thirdly, the size of the Greek theater introduced a limitation of another kind. The distance from the front of the stage, across the orchestra to the front row of spectators, was 60ft. The back rows, were about 300 feet from the stage. So an actor of 6 feet looked about 3 and a half tall inches to spectators in the back rows. In order to make up for this, the exaggerated acting and voice production kept spectators coming back to watch more plays. Plays were performed to portray many daily events that happened in the Greek life. Such as political rises and downfalls, stories of hero’s, stories that portrayed fears of the gods, or even success with the gods were just some events that were portrayed in the theater. Many plays were just stories that a â€Å"producer† created himself. Plays were basically started in the time when aristocrats were taking over different city-states, and running dictatorships, or very unfair governments. There was a small majority of the aristocrats who were highly amused and into the theatre. It was these certain aristocrats who made it a point to have certain theatres built and shows put on. There were two basic forms of production, comedy and tragedy. Comedies were mostly sung, with strong instruments to back up the chorus. Tragedies usually followed the same pattern, opening with a prologue and followed by a parodos, (in which the chorus enters singing). The last â€Å"stasimon† provides the closing scene as the chorus and actors depart. Antigone is a great example of an early Greek tragedy. The theatres built had three major areas, the viewing place for spectators, the orchestra which is where the chorus and actors performed, and then a scene building which basically provided a scenic backing. The earliest scene buildings were very simple wooden structures. The most common method for seating was to bring in native stones to serves as seats for spectators. How did they prepare for their roles and what did they do in their spare time? As stated earlier the Greeks believed in staying fit for the show by fasting and dieting and so on. But, what about their social function? The role of the lyric chorus was to be a channel for a certain deity to interact with humans. Calame states that, â€Å"the lyric chorus is thus the line of communication between the deity and its followers, and therefore the status of the chorus members, either adolescents, marriageable women, or young wives, and so on, corresponds in most cases to the sphere of influence of the divinity and thus to the characteristics of the divinity itself† (206). Over the past centuries, theater has come a long way. It went from silly or rather gruesome masks, rocks for seats, a lack of scenery, no lighting, and characters that look 3 and half inches tall, to something so much more amazing. However, perhaps the ancient theater involved more acting and more imagination. The benefits of both ancient and present day theaters are endless. But it’s all in the eye of the beholder, as many plays have to be, in order to be appreciated to the highest degree. Understanding your past is the key to understanding your future. As old as some things are there is nothing new under the sun. It is safe to say that the Ancient Greeks truly lived a riotous life enjoying every thing that life had to offer. The Greeks enjoyed and understood their theatre and paved the way for the art form to flourish.

City Branding of Dubai

Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on City Branding of Dubai specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Different scholars seek to determine why governments and private investors engage in a complete overhaul of a city. Breitenoder (2009, p. 104) argues that like a product, a city requires branding, rebranding, and marketing. It requires a strategic plan, and an effective communications plan to achieve the city objectives. Prior to the development of a branding strategy, it is important to come up with a consumer oriented research proposal. A research-oriented proposal understands that the recipient of the product is very important throughout the phases of product development. Different theories of making including sales, production, marketing company, and other models apply differently. According to Kanna (2011, p. 75), the marketing analyst, branding is an all-encompassing aspect of product launch, which i nfluences long-term consumer perception in relation to the product or service. He further reinforces that the most important elements for a marketer include consumers and the capital requisite for launching a successful Ad campaign. The intention of any marketer is to transform the unique selling proposition into tangible consumer benefits. In order to achieve this, it is significant to understand and change consumer attitudes and behaviour through excellent branding techniques. People brand products to increase their aesthetic value to the customers. During city branding, important features to incorporate are elements of city planning that deter investors from associating with the metropolis. City branding Attwood (2014), a marketing professional and a columnist with Arabian business suggests that sometimes countries have to take major risks in order to create a city brand that will have long-term impacts on the population. Before branding a city, the government, the investors, and the citizens play different roles.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As suggested by the name, branding refers to an appraisal and upgrading process of an existing product. Attwood (2014) establishes that upgrading a product, service, or city increases consumer appeal on the commodity. There are different reasons that make branding important for different commodities. Giesen (2014) complements the study by mentioning that one of the most hectic tasks is the successful branding of a city. Unlike a product, the face value of a city lies in the eyes of the investors and the citizens. The government only responds to the calls of improvement because it can provide oversight of procurement and expenditure for the exchequer. (Attwood 2014) mentions that Saudi took an equally bold step in investing in its King Abdullah Economic City in order to increase access to the U.A.E and the rest of Europe. Business interests influence the decisions made towards upgrading cities. Besides commercial interests, there is an ardent need for countries to ensure that their cities are sustainable, tourist-friendly, and accessible to different regions across the world. Targeting and segmentation of consumers during city branding One of the most difficult branding ventures to achieve is the inability to describe a product. How then is it possible to dispense the right approach to city launch and marketing if the brand does not affiliate to a particular product? Dubai’s H1 2013 visitor stats top the charts (2014) strives to answer the question using the most intellectual approach to marketing. According to the author, the product is the cutting edge that determines the initial attitude of the target consumer. The brand’s packaging and positioning make it possible for a consumer to make a first purchase and to make a repeat purchase. Brands build loyalty or cons umer defection depending on the effect they have on the target consumer. Dubai’s H1 2013 visitor stats top the charts (2014) takes a particular interest in Dubai as the product requisite of branding. The scholar explores its infrastructure, tourism, economic system, law, technology, and education and the list is endless. In at least each element identified in the research, the author found out an element that required improvement or emulation. Dubaization: Brand-Dubai (2011) singles out Dubai from other U.A.E countries. The article complements the country’s transport infrastructure and the real estate business. However, Dubai’s H1 2013 visitor stats top the charts (2014) shows concerns for the increasing costs of the skyscrapers and the near real estate bubble that might influence the way people see and acquire the product. The same author identifies that the education system requires an overhaul in order for the children to understand English before they are 15 years old.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on City Branding of Dubai specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This way, they can get temporary employment before joining college. They can contribute towards economic development while promoting economic growth. Dubai Branding Process (2014) shows optimism for Dubai’s economy since in the past 2 decades, the U.A.E countries display solidarity and tremendous economic growth. Oil and gas should not be the only element that the countries entirely depend on in order to progress economically. Consumer behaviour When carrying out research, each marketer aims at developing a positive hypothesis in which the results will match the questions raised. Parkerson and Saunders (2005, p. 242) provide different types of consumer behaviour and the factors that influence such actions. Customers choose to remain loyal to a product, they defect, or they make a repeat action. The b ehaviour depends on their expectations and the achievement of the same through the unique selling proposition. In the U.A.E, it is difficult to notice a country unless it explores diverse markets in a unique way. The customers in this case are foreign countries especially in East Asia, and Europe. The close business ties developed between the continents during the fight for the Persian Gulf remain relevant to date.   Each country in the U.A.E seeks to establish a long-term business network in order to invest in other countries, contribute effectively to economic growth, and to provide jobs to the citizens. To determine consumer behaviour, product developers focus on four marketing elements including place, product, promotion, price, and people.  Consumers are the people that the product targets, and proximity or farness of a place determines whether a consumer will make a repeat sale or not. Attwood (2014) mentions that Dubai has a port along the Red Sea’s shore, which li nks it to other western countries and the U.A.E. In 2005, it showed prospects of rechanneling the seaport to link Saudi Arabia through the short King Abdullah Economic City port. The new seaport offers better business prospects as opposed to other seaports within the region. The intention is to reduce time spent in shipping, and to woo customers who give much value to place and price. Naturally, when the distance travelled with commodities is limited, the cost of production and distribution reduce, and this influences the price of the product. An assessment of the consumer behaviour has a direct link to the way foreign countries respond to the branding of a city.Advertising Looking for dissertation on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dubai’s H1 2013 visitor stats top the charts (2014) argues that once a city decides to improve its transport network, the foreign governments that relate to it perceive good economic relations. On the other hand, countries, which focus on improving the tourism sector, aim at wooing foreign direct investment through entertainment. In essence, city branding is largely more productive as opposed to consumables. As such, customers visit cities that offer tangible product benefits evidenced by political, social, technological, and social development. The U.A.E countries including Qatar and Saudi Arabia enjoy good relations with Dubai because Dubai delivers the consumer expectations through a stable political environment of investment and good economic policies. As a brand, the city has it foreign policies that influence relationships within and outside the U.A.E. Dubai’s significance in the UAE framework The U.A.E countries came together in the 1980s after acquiring the Per sian Gulf from colonialist powers. Known as the Trucial States, the U.A.E countries had to fight for the rich oil and gas belt along the Red Sea shore. By 1853, Dubai had to sign the Perpetual Maritime Truce, which earned the Great Britain the responsibility of securing the Trucial States. The Great Britain was difficult to trust with such magnitudes of political responsibility. Hourani (2002, p. 20), notes that an anthropologist keenly studies Bur Dubai as an oil rich resident of most Arabs stricken by smallpox. He also shares the stories of Deira, a place of refuge in which the Dubai citizens sought in order calm from the pandemic. The same place caught fire leading to the death of many Dubai citizens, but it was business as usual. It was in 1841 that Dubai realised its potential among the Trucial States. The country made it possible to embark on commercial activities irrespective of the two major bouts that affected its economy. The U.A.E requires countries that show an obvious i nterest for economic development and resilience even in the most difficult socioeconomic difficulties. According to Breitenoder (2009, p. 103), Dubai still upholds the pace of economic growth by always incorporating new elements that can increase access to the country from the West. Currently, the country invests in internet technology to support its commercial ventures.  Technology is fast and ubiquitous, and unlike physical transport, people can carry out business transactions over long distances in a limited period. Unlike the conservative Middle East economies, Dubai strives to incorporate capitalist principles of marketing and business management in order to increase access to new business frontiers across the world. Buhalis and Darcy (2011, p. 38) show concerns for religious and civic culture, which are likely to influence brand positioning of Dubai to the rest of the world. Excellent branding of its tourism and the real estate sectors are very important in erasing the ideol ogy from the minds of the target consumers. It also make Dubai different from other U.A.E countries including Bahrain since it is the sole state that attracts foreigners from the west to the U.A.E. Breitenoder (2009, p. 103) analyses the significance of oil and gas to the U.A.E. But he mentions that non-English speaking countries have difficulties in relating with foreigners. Dubai supports English as a second language for its expatriates, which remains very significant for the development of the U.A.E at large. The history of Dubai and its need for branding Each city is a brand like any other product. Its face value reduces through history and it is very important to focus on strategies that would make the product appealing to the target audiences. Cozmiuc (2011) argues that the history of product development determines the response it will have in the market and its significance to the target consumers. When the Trucial States existed, there were different caliphates that strived for recognition. Islamic periods characterised by the introduction and the fall of the Umayyad Empire gave a completely new view of the religion and the principles it supported. Cozmiuc (2011) mentions that countries associated with the Islamic period had to fight for recognition, and it explains the increase in Muslim extremist cases. Breitenoder (2009, p. 113) traces Dubai’s inception to 1905, and the first activity associated with the country is fishing, which generates income. Cozmiuc (2011) establishes that the first function of a product becomes its signature strength and it becomes very difficult to dissociate the product from its functionality. Historical artefacts determine that the people of Dubai majorly depended on trading activities for survival.  After forming the United Arab Emirates in 1971, Dubai made the best decision for joining the act of union with other member states including Abu Dhabi and Fujairah among others. The transition is also part of a brandi ng strategy that sought to make Dubai independent from the British rule (Smith and Abu 2013). In marketing, a product that operates independently wins consumer goodwill because various authorities can take responsibility for any losses or gain. A series of activities make Dubai one of the best tourist destinations in the 21st century. The country channelled most income from the oil and gas business into tourism and economy building. Commerce is the backbone of Dubai, and many people would actually go to the country on a shopping spree or holiday.  Cozmiuc (2011) agrees with Peng (2014, p. 10) that product history defines its future, but during product development, the strategic plan should also address risks. Dubai has many skyscrapers including the worlds’ tallest the Burj Khalifa. However, building the economy and the stable monarchy was not easy. The country faced criticism for boundary disputes during its establishment. The U.A.E countries each want to develop and dispu tes are likely to occur in relation to border encroachment. For instance, the disputed Jebel Ali port created conflicts between the U.A.E states and Dubai over encroachment of import and export activities of Dubai into other nations. Consequently, the Gulf War and Invasion into Iraq form some historical transitions that made Dubai the rich country it is today. Dubai uses communication and religious policies to solve its conflicts. Effective and efficient communication remains very significant during product development, packaging, and branding. Peng (2014, p. 12) talks about communication, but Morgan, Lugosi, and Ritchie (2010, p. 63) reinforces on the significance of developing a comprehensive communication plan when branding. Dubai is still in the process of transformation even when it seems perfect to the rest of the world. The way the country interacts with people through the various foreign policies and commercial ventures determine the reception it receives from the rest of th e society. Arguably, Dubai cannot survive without effective communication. People depend on in-house communication to know the new productions they should expect in the market. Irrespective of the insignificance of a stakeholder, communication is critical for project progress. Morgan et al. (2010, p. 60) mention that the project coordinators often accomplish effective communication through relevant procedures and tools. The author accredits computer-mediated communication since it serves the purpose of effectiveness in the current day and age. He also compliments face-to-face communication, which seems to lose relevance in the 21st century.  According to morgan et al. (2010, p. 63), a comprehensive communication plan covers many areas including a Communication Plan Matrix, a Stakeholder Analysis, a conflict resolution plan, and communicational methods. The tools and methods of communication have to align to the project and company objectives, vision, and mission. The stakeholders have different capabilities, expectations, and interests in the project. To fulfil the unique interest, it is important to face each phase of the project with the right communication tool. Initially, Dubai had an overwhelming interest in improving its real estate sector. Today, much focus is on tourism, which complements the oil and gas industry. Critics do not fail to recognise the deterrents to progress including labour disputes as recorded by various expatriates who seek job opportunities from third world states to the U.A.E (Dinnie 2011). In essence, a comprehensive communication plan serves different functions for products because it markets, creates, and brand positions the product in the target market. Dubai has a worldwide reach meaning that the effective communication should be capable of branding its tourism sector beyond the East Asian region, the Persian Gulf, and the Middle East to the rest of the world. Case studies Different countries across the U.A.E and other contin ents undergo different phases of improvement in order to generate a unique appeal to the target populations. Saudi Arabia and Indi are in the process of improving their transport infrastructure while developing contemporary economic cities to accommodate the growing citizen populations. Besides reducing the physical space of occupation, the projects aim at brand positioning the countries of the rest of the world. Dubai has many things to learn from different countries including Singapore, Saudi, and China. Branding Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is in the process of branding both the economy and the geographic surrounding through a megaproject. Each U.A.E city rivals the other in order to have access to the greatest number of foreigners transiting through the Red Sea ports. While Dubai responded to the call for the 2020 exposition of countries across the world in November 2013, Saudi began a rebranding project in 2005. King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) is a contemporary project that mig ht end in 2020 and it will cost between USD $86 billion and USD 100 billion. KAEC will open up Saudi to Jeddah, Mecca, and the UK. To the North, KAEC borders Jeddah and it takes about 1 hour to move from one end to the other. According to (Bouee 2011, p. 49), the project will occupy about 173 km2. Currently, the team is in the process of finishing the first stage of the project that King Abdulaziz flagged off 9 years ago. The King Abdullah Port (KAP) has links from other U.A.E countries including Dubai, Bahrain, and Kuwait among others. Political, civic, and economic factors influence each stage of product development, but the Saudi government displays optimism in the successful completion of the KAEC by the end of 2020. Matters of religion and culture are under discourse because the project aims at creating a communal meeting place for the people of the U.A.E and the rest of the world. In the residential, retail businesses, and industrial ventures, the Saudi community seeks to infl uence the attitudes of investors towards the country. In each strategic management plan, consumer oriented products always succeed because the marketers seek the opinions of the consumers prior to product launch (Smith and Abu 2013). Dubai is in the course of linking Jebel Port to KAP because Dubai only has economic interests in the country. Dubai has to learn marketing tactics from the Saudi government, which employs expatriates for purposes of enhancing foreign relations. The country should consider developing economy cities for the growing youthful population. JKAP is like any other project in Dubai’s expo 2020 and Dubai has an opportunity to explore such markets and understand the principles they use to attract huge number of tourists even when they do not have excellent technological or transport infrastructure. Waltz Disney in Singapore and China The austere commercial environment of Singapore seeks to open up to new ventures in the future. Currently, plans are underway for the country to embrace one of the largest production houses in the world. First, the country deals with challenges of reinforcing the English culture while ensuring that people do not lose their religious and social values. Dubai also has similar concerns even though the country is less likely to accommodate foreign investments. All it tries to do is to place itself as the best destination for the rest of the world through imports, exports, and virtual businesses instead of hosting foreign businesses. Ahead of Singapore, Kula Lumpur, and Bangkok, China decided to embrace the Disney Walt culture in the late 1990s. In 2002, the same company sought to venture into the Singaporean government, which was a very difficult step. However, after establishing a niche market in China, Disney would not have a hard time succeeding in China. China remains a very conservative market completely dependent on the doctrines of Eastern religions. The Orthodox Church had a difficult time operating i n China for a similar reason. China decided to create an environment in which both locals and foreigners could share the popular culture.  Breitenoder (2009, p. 83) argues that Waltz Disney introduced the Hollywood culture to the people of China and Singapore while the communities shared their Eastern religions. Singapore was a good target market because Singaporeans speak English as a second language. In addition, the country participates in renowned socio-cultural expositions to market the country, its people, and commodities. The movie and song production industry is an excellent form of medium of marketing because the industry has a global outreach. The marketing technique assumes a relationship-based model in which Singapore takes its culture to the rest of the world through multimedia (LEWIS 2003, p. 24). Dubai can take a similar opportunity by embracing movie production and the animation culture supported by technological advancements in the U.A.E. Dubai has an established economic and political structure, and it only needs an excellent marketing avenue to place its Burj AL-Arab brand to the right market. Through a good communication plan and an excellent marketing plan, Dubai can achieve its brand prospects without duress. Creating value in Dubai Marketing tools are vital for brand positing products across the world. Alavi, Kayworth, and Leidner (2006, p. 192) argue that marketers have the responsibility of conducting a situational analysis in order to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of product launch. Its strength in the construction industry faced a bout during the 2008 and 2011 global crises that affected other areas of the country’s economies. Dubai had to embrace the opportunity to showcase it tourist destinations to the world in attempt to find an activity that would complement its oil and gas industry. In summary, Dubai is a rich country, but it also needs to brand position itself in the competitive globa l markets in order to get returns for its investments. Tepeci (2009, p. 131) analyses the tourism sector in Dubai. According to the scholar, the country invests in excellent transport infrastructure, recreational sector, and wildlife including the hospitality industry. On the other hand, it does not approach the target markets by launching some of the best hotels it has in other countries. Instead, it has the best constructions and airport services, but the country waits for consumers. Alavi et al. (2006, p. 196) take a professional approach to the issue. He establishes that Dubai creates brand that aims at attracting people. The brand seeks recognition by staying within the confines of the country. Countries like Singapore and Malaysia constantly carry out tourism expos in order to expose their curios, tourist destination sites, and hotels. Dubai is in the process of packaging a brand while waiting for its 2020 expo, which will determine how strong the Dubai brand remains within an d outside the U.A.E. Dubai’s Burj AL-Arab brand Brand designers always support the development of a unique brand in order to ensure survival in a rivalled market. Dynamism and diversity are inevitable when dealing in a competitive environment. Burj AL-Arab uniquely identifies Dubai in the U.A.E because normally a five star hotel attracts people to other countries. Dubai’s Burj AL-Arab is a 7 star hotel whose strategic plan is to extend boundaries beyond the U.E. A. Morrison (2013, p. 29) acknowledges that tourism in the 21st century largely depends on the highest level of luxury a facility can offer at the most affordable price in the market. Consumer needs keep changing, and it is important to respond to such concerns. In the recent past, one of the favourite socialite family members visited Dubai on vacation, and this created a very different view of the country. From the U.S. Miami to Dubai for shopping and tourism was sufficient reason for the renowned Kim Kardashi an. Morrison (2013, p. 31) mentions that uniqueness and consistency in delivery are the secrets of dealing with suppliers, rivals, and customers. In essence, it is important to reduce the costs of procurement and increase the amount the customers spend when purchasing a product. Dubai’s Burj AL-Arab mostly targets the affluent tourists who visit Dubai. Morrison (2013, p. 34) also theorises the situation in Dubai through the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Audience identification and segmentation in Dubai mostly focuses on the consumers that have prospects of achieving self-actualisation. Dubai perceives a transformation of its tourism sector into a major income generator, and game-changer of the 21st century. Almost everyone wants to have access to the Burj Khalifa and Burj AL-Arab, but the facilities have expensive hotel suites and accommodation costs. Peh and Low (2013, p. 62) discuss the development of a functional strategic plan to address the different problems faced by tourism sectors across the world. The author mentions that a marketer should be capable of distinguishing between the needs and wants of the consumers. Consumer oriented hospitality sectors across the world are capable of providing unique and diverse services to customers. Factors that drive the changes in service delivery include quality, price, place, people, product, and sales promotion. When the sales promotion consumers a lot of resource, then the additional costs have to complement the product packaged for consumption. According to Peh and Low (2013, 67), the country has different products and services to offer in its tourism package. The seven star group of hotels invested in parts of the U.A.E mostly target the affluent families within and outside the Middle East. The hotels target consumers who prefer 5 to 7 start hotels in the region, but most clients come from foreign countries. Dubai has a long way to go in terms of brand positioning especially on matters of diversif ication and improvement of the hospitality industry. Dubai City Branding Dubai remains the most renowned city of the U.A.E. Its capital Abu Dhabi is home to many facilities including the Etihad Airways, Boeing, Burj Khalifa, and Strata Manufacturing among other conglomerates and sceneries. Dubai chose to brand itself using Burj AL-Arab because it needs to extend its business ventures beyond the U.A.E. Strata’s aerospace hub (2014) affirms that Dubai enjoys a stardom status within the U.A.E., and it needs to explore foreign ventures in order to gauge its performance at the global level. Burj AL-Arab is a good brand, but it is very expensive because most Dubai manufactured products are naturally costly. As a product, Dubai has all the qualities of marketing such as people, place, and promotion, but it lacks the element of price. In sales and marketing, it is important to create a marketing mix in order to achieve the best results during branding. Strata’s aerospace hub ( 2014) recognises Burj AL-Arab as the only product that brand positions Dubai in the rivalled tourism environment. The product is unique and of high quality, and it would probably attract the quality driven consumers. However, price sensitive customers would opt for Kuwait and Bahrain that offer relatively affordable tourist destination sites and facilities. Bhaskaran and Sukumaran (2007, p. 55) envision Dubai, which offers exquisite and affordable tourism services. Besides offshore and hotel services, Dubai seeks to explore wildlife as an income generating tourism venture. The intention is to influence consumer perception towards product delivery through its 2020 expo. This notwithstanding the possibility of changing country logo to suit consumer needs. Dubai has strict anti- pork eating and non-alcoholism policies. It means that visitors have to adhere to such policies irrespective of their socio-economic lifestyles and the freedoms they tourists enjoy in their countries of origin (Martinez 2011, p. 369). Additionally, Dubai’s conservative religious culture discourages some non-Muslims from visiting the country for fear of extremist Muslims who would harass them while on vacation. Stringent religious doctrines known to affect tourism require proper legal and religious attention from relevant authorities. In Dubai, the Sharia law and the Khadhi courts protect the sanctity of each citizen. It means that the foreigners also need protection from strict principles governing the land. Foreigners need protection because they earn Dubai income through tourism. Bhaskaran and Sukumaran (2007, p. 67) further investigate the impact of Dubai’s association on the tourism sector. According to the scholar, the U.A.E has a lot of growth potential. Two years ago (2012) the cities recorded commercial profit of about USD $ 130 million. Normally countries suffer from debts from the IMF and the World Bank including other credit facilities. Dubai is the richest, but t he most debt bound among the U.A.E countries and it needs to connect interpersonally with other cities in order to manage its debt effectively. Three years ago in November, entered the 2020 U.A.E trade expo, which seeks to exposition different countries globally for the efforts they make towards sustainable business practices. The activities under scrutiny include transport, education, tourism, technology, and governance among some elements of culture. Dubai’s involvement in the 2020 exposition will be of great significance to the country. According to the Bureau International des Expositions Dubai has a good infrastructure that would make its economy flourish through tourism. Janssens, Wijnen, Pelsmacker, and Kenhove (2008, p. 18) argue that branding occurs after market identification and complete product development. Dubai is a product that is ready for consumer use, but one significant factor stands out. Dubai is an expensive place to promote FDI and to visit on a tourist mission. Dubai has a master’s plan for the 2020 expo, which will place the product to the right market. Inability to link a product to the right market affects the product performance. If Dubai takes advantage of the expo rolled out in 2013, it will be capable of understanding its target market perfectly in order to avoid any losses (Govers and Go 2009, p. 90). Opportunities for growth and brand sustainability Moore (2004, p. 196) investigates the processes that either propel or deter the growth of Dubai as a product requisite of brand positioning. Besides investment in quality housing and transport infrastructure, Dubai offers transit between the Persian Gulf and the UK. Hong Kong and the UK depend on the Jebel seaport in order to access other regions of the U.A.E for business ventures. Moore (2004) mentions that Dubai should take advantage of the opportunity to promote its tourism sector to the rest of Europe. The terminals along the Red Sea across the shores link over 60 m illion Europeans and East Asian residents every year. With this in mind, Dubai can transform its tourism into a lucrative business venture. Across the world, Dubai is the sixth most populated country by cargo ships meaning that many people visit the Jebel port for commercial purposes. Janssens et al. (2008, p. 19) complement Moore (2004) and she insists that Dubai had the best link between Africa and the West until China took advantage of the opportunity to market its technology and tourism to Africa. Africa has a great growth potential with target markets. Inexhaustible opportunities exist in Africa and only China had the boldness to explore the open economic system. Bazerman and Don (2009, p. 16) take an interest in brand positioning Dubai through software development, the movie industry, and biotechnology. The U.A.E has the potential of investing in movie production in order to expose its skyscrapers and other tourist destinations through the media. Like Singapore, the country ca n take advantage of ABC Ltd, Walt Disney, or Paramount. Hollywood became a renowned destination for movie production and Disney World enjoys the status it has because of extensive media coverage. According to Sirkeci (2013, p. 27), a marketer understands his or her product perfectly. In order to attract mass attention, the marketer incorporates multimedia. The U.A.E already invests in excellent technology and movie production industry, which Dubai should embrace. People rarely relate with Arabic songs and movies because there are limited efforts made towards translation and increment of awareness to the rest of the world. Ordinarily, no consumer would buy a strange product or service. Tourism destination branding Cross selling is the objective of any marketer who places a product in a competitive environment. Marketing experts incorporate different strategies in brand positioning a product in the target market. According to Isaac, marketers in the tourism and hospitality industry ha ve no other option, but to engage in relationship marketing. Known for its transactional marketing technique, there is little that Dubai can do to achieve its objective because the style of marketing only recognises a short-term encounter between a product and the customer. Branding Dubai as a tourist destination is a collective function of the government, the ministry of tourism, and the residents of Dubai. Sirkeci (2013, p. 28) mentions that each strategic plan has marketing approaches that are in line with the expectations of the target market in relation to the product benefits. According to the author, Dubai should maximize on its tourism potential in order to win the goodwill of people beyond the U.A.E. For instance, Burj al-Arab is a unique product developed by costly resources. It took an equally long period to construct the costly Jebel port, but it does not guarantee expensive service delivery. In marketing, companies assume different approaches that suit the needs of the target population.  Peng (2014, p. 9) supports Sirkeci (2013, p. 31) who promotes the development of high-end hotels that remain affordable to the middle-income earners across the U.A.E. region. At the end of the day, Dubai needs to focus on the price and place strategy. In essence, it should take the tourism benefits to the target population instead of waiting for customers to visit the country. It includes provision of the Burj al-Arab brand in different parts of the world while ensuring that the cost of enjoying the services of the hospitality industry correlate with the income levels of the target population. For instance, Burj al-Arab in Bahrain should capture the income levels of the community before setting the prices. The same should happen to the brand in China and South Africa. The authors agree that at different stages of human development, each person seeks to acquire self-actualisation, which is difficult to attain. Price sensitive customers also seek to enjoy the exc ellence in service delivery from the brand, whose prices should range from one region to another. Destination branding concerns relationship marketing in which the product has to reach the target consumer irrespective of the obstacles involved in the marketing process. Management of tourist destinations and meeting customer expectations Each brand sells within the region of establishment, and its success within the small region gives optimism for the product success in other countries. Burj al-Arab brand is successful in the U.A.E., and Dubai should change from the transactional to relationship marketing strategy in order to capture the greatest audience attention. In a rivalled environment, quality delivery remains inevitable. Timely delivery and observance of consumer aesthetics also form part of the branding process. Clearly, each brand needs a level of recognition in order for it to perform independently in a competitive environment. The author suggests that separation of a bran d from the rival products or services is important because it offers an opportunity for the target consumers to relate with the product or service at an interpersonal level. Customers require effective communication through social media, news releases, and foreign direct investment, which Dubai rarely considers important for growth.  Dubai’s tourism sector needs to learn from other game changers in the market because confining projects such as Burj al-Arab brand within the U.A.E only poses harm than good to the country. Customers are always right and they deserve the requisite attention from marketers and product manufacturers. Dubai’s ministry of tourism should understand that when people use the UAE ports for transit during business, they expect to stay in the cities for a particular period before going back home. Without affordability or respect to other socio-cultural values of the visitors, it becomes almost impossible to woo tourists and the large investor comm unity. Dubaization: Brand-Dubai (2011) approaches the topic from a different angle. The article has an interest in the way different customers respond to products that meet their expectations. According to Dubaization: Brand-Dubai (2011), there are visitors that are naturally difficult to impress. It means that the Dubai government and ministry of tourism have to work extra hard and finance different even organisers who will take an interest in the activities of foreigners within the U.A.E. Dubai is home to sports personalities, business personnel, and tourists among other people. They need accommodation; gym facilities, entertainment, and cuisine that make them feel the difference of being in a new country. In addition, the visitors do not expect many cultural changes in terms of religious bias or interference with their social lives. Transforming into world’s most sought tourist destination Lee (2009, p. 235) does not dispute Dubai’s ability to change its logo, but s he reinforces on the significance of strategy change as opposed to image transformation. First, Dubai cannot operate well if indebted to banks and the public through investment in treasury. An element of the strategy change that can help Dubai overcome its challenges is the incorporation of public relations during branding. Public relations, which is still at its infancy in the country assists many countries in establishing good political and social relations. The marketing element is equally helpful in creating links between individuals and corporate organisations. The service oriented hospitality industry requires Dubai to assess the 4Ps of marketing while employing all the elements of the marketing mix. Kennedy (2004, p. 182) supports the development of a support system for the existing infrastructure in Dubai, which includes an international airport offering transit between the U.A.E. and London. In summary, Dubai needs a behaviour and attitude change in order to transform the t ourism sector into a masterpiece for subsequent generations. Attitude change mostly has a lot to do with changing consumer perception about the austere religious environment in Dubai. Consequently, it is important to conduct civic education so that the locals will learn to be friendly to visitors since it would lengthen their stay in Dubai. The authors find a lot of potential for Dubai to deal with the national debt by maximising on the tourism industry. It does not have to borrow to pay debts; rather, it has a good tourism network, an oil pipeline, and an excellent real estate infrastructure that will propel the economy of the country. References Alavi, M., Kayworth, T. R., and Leidner, D. E 2006, ‘An empirical examination of the influence of organizational culture on knowledge management practices’, Journal of management information systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp.191-224. Attwood, E 2014, Game changer: King Abdullah Economic City, http://www.arabianbusiness.com/game-chan ger-king-abdullah-economic-city-552956.html Bazerman, M. H., and Don, A. M 2009, Motivational and emotional influences in decision making: Judgment in managerial decision making (7th ed.), Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Bhaskaran, S., and Sukumaran, N 2007, ‘National culture, business culture and management practices: consequential relationships?’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 54-67. Bouee, C 2011, Green growth, green profit: How green transformation boosts business, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Breitenoder, A. F 2009, The impact of cultural characteristics on international web design in marketing communications an analysis, Diplomatic-Verl, Hamburg. Buhalis, D. and Darcy, S 2011, Accessible tourism, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK. Cozmiuc, C 2011, ‘City branding-just a compilation of marketable assets?’, Journal of economy transdisciplanarity cognition, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 426-436, h ttps://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-pjINI_eWbcWnpuOVhsZlpTYlk/edit Dinnie, K 2011, City branding: theory and cases, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Dubai Branding Process 2014, http://www.thedubai.org/bd.html Dubaization: Brand-Dubai 2011 http://dubaization.wordpress.com/op-eds/brand-dubai/ Dubai’s H1 2013 visitor stats top the charts 2014, http://www.meetmiddleeast.com/articles/show/dubais-h1-2013-visitor-stats-top-the-charts Giesen, M 2014, The Branding of a City – Lessons from Dubai, http://www.martingiesen.com/assets/articles/02.pdf Govers, R., and Go, F 2009, Place branding, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Hourani, A. H 2002, A History of the Arab Peoples, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.. Janssens, W, Wijnen, K, Pelsmacker, P D, and Kenhove, P V 2008, Marketing Research with SPSS (1st ed), Pearson Education Limited, London. Kanna, A 2011, Dubai, the city as corporation, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kennedy, P. D 2004, Doin g Business with Kuwait (2nd ed.), Kogan Page, Sterling, Virginia. Lee, H. J. J 2009, ‘Dubai’s brand assessment: success and failure in brand management’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 234-246. Lewis, M 2003, Singapore, Rough Guides, London. Martinez, M. N 2011, ‘City marketing and place branding: a critical review of practice and academic research’, Journal of Town City Management, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 369. Moore, P. W 2004, Doing Business in the Middle East: Politics and Economic Crisis in Jordan and Kuwait, Cambridge University Press, New York. Morgan, M., Lugosi, P. and Ritchie, J. R. B 2010, The tourism and leisure experience, Channel View Publications, Bristol. Morrison, A. M 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations, Routledge, New York. Parkerson, B., and Saunders J 2005, ‘City branding: can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities?’, Place branding, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 242-264. Pe h, L. C., and Low, S. P 2013, Organization design for international construction business, Springer, Berlin. Peng, M. W 2014, Global strategy, South-Western, Mason, Ohio. Sirkeci, I 2013, Transnational marketing and transnational consumers, Springer, Berlin. Smith, L., and Abu, A. M 2013, Higher education in Saudi Arabia: Achievements, challenges and opportunities, Springer, Dordrecht. Strata’s aerospace hub 2014, http://www.hexagonmetrology.com/Strata-Manufacturing-PJSC—UAE_1675.htm#.VFms0UApddg Tepeci, M 2009, Person organization fit in the restaurant industry the effect of personal values, organizational culture, and person organization fit on individual outcomes in the restaurant industry, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken. This dissertation on City Branding of Dubai was written and submitted by user Coen Carrillo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civic Responsibilities and Individual Rights essays

Civic Responsibilities and Individual Rights essays Are our civic responsibilities as important as our individual rights? In a politically liberal society no issue can be more important than what amount of attention should be devoted, to our duties as members of a society or our own individual rights and liberties. Each individual, their surrounding society and the government responsible for overseeing them must ask this question. Which of these spheres should be granted more devotion, the society or our own individual selves. Individualism became an issue when we as people began increasingly to demand more individual freedom and started to place more value on self-chosen individual achievement over mandated national achievement. Ever since these ideas were formed into governmental ideology, as John Locke first did, conceptions of individual and civil rights and duties have come into conflict in matters of public policy. They have not so much conflicted on the grounds of their incompatibility. More frequently they have caused disputes as to where the respective boundaries of each should lie, and/or w hich should be given greater respect by people and their governments. Before continuing I would like to state that this is not an important issue in all societies, rather it is the issue of liberal societies, almost always democratic ones. The issue as I address it in this paper is one based on ideas almost, but not completely, unique to the western world, Europe and the Americas. Here I will inspect the American perspective. Several issues arise whenever attempting to address the question at hand. The Most important the issue is that of rights and duties. What are rights and duties? Are they related? What are the different kinds of rights that exist in a Liberal society, which ones are more important, and who should be given these rights? What determines eligibility for receiving these various rights, how does this relate to the issue of equality? One must first address ...

The Ruth Moore Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Ruth Moore Act - Research Paper Example The bill christened the Ruth Moore Act 2013 or H.R 671 was introduced by Representative Chellie Pingree of Maine and Senator Jon Tester ( D-MT) on February 13, 2013. Following the amendment, the bill H.R 671, would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to submit a report every year to the congress on the disability benefits claims given for people who are covered under the mental health conditions following allegations of incurred or aggravated by military sexual trauma for the time ranging from 2014 to 2918. The amendment will transform sense to the Congress as to the Veterans Affairs needs to update and improve the rules pertaining to the military sexual trauma (Otto, 2013). It would also require specific reporting to the Congress as well as to the Veteran claimants every month, the first of such coming fifteen months after the date of enactment of the bill following the amendment. The duration of reporting would be as long as the secretary makes the necessary updates, wh ich will improve the veteran’s affairs regulations with regard to military sexual trauma. H.R 671, as amended, extends the prevailing authority of two rounds down to the nearest dollar percentile increment in the rates of particular assistance relating to educational benefits that changes depending on the annual cost-of-living regulations and adjustments. Operational Definition of Terms Military sexual trauma; the term is used on a military veteran, regarding psychological trauma that is following the judgement of a mental health expert, was brought by a physical or mental assault of sexual type, a series of sexual nature, and sexual harassment that occurred to the victim when in active naval, military, and the air force. Covered mental health condition; This refers to the post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and or a mental health diagnosis explained in the modern version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders which is a journal publishe d by the American Psychiatric Association and determined by the Secretary as regards the military sexual trauma (Ruth Moore, Act of 2013). Covered claims; These are claims seeking for disability compensation submitted to the Secretary following a process of covered mental health condition where the survivor claims to have incurred the disability while on duty and aggravated by military sexual trauma. Ruth Moore- The brainchild Ruth Moore is a former navy officer who joined the disciplined forces in the mid nineteen eighties at the age of eighteen. Having come from a humble background and a family whose financial strength was meagre, she never made it to college. Ruth Moore was sexually assaulted by her immediate supervisor while stationed in the Azores. Things got worse when she reported the matter because, the officer raped her once more as a way of retaliating towards her efforts to get justice. Surprisingly, no charges were brought towards the supervisor instead, the administrato rs discharged her from hospital claiming that she was mentally unwell. It took twenty-three years for Moore to fight for her disability benefits. All through that period, Ruth Moore suffered from a sexually transmitted infectious disease caught from the supervisor. She also went through a depression from what she went through and finally lived in her van. However, in two thousand and nine, a veteran Affairs investigator got a glimpse of her medical records and after perusal discovered that the records had been tampered with by both medical and military officers. The veteran affairs officer went to help her win a seventy percent rating on the disability scale consequently